Quando eu assisti a “Trumbo – Lista
Negra” (2015), eu senti muita raiva. Eu tive raiva da hipocrisia, da falsa
moral, da asquerosa tentativa dos conservadores de “limpar Hollywood” – e de
como eles destruíram vidas com esta caça às bruxas. Sim, Dalton Trumbo pode ter
ganhado dois Oscars mesmo estando na lista negra, mas vemos na cinebiografia
que as consequências de seu exílio foram devastadoras, e nenhuma estatueta
dourada poderia remediá-las.
When I watched “Trumbo” (2015), I felt more rage than anything else. I
was angry at the hypocrisy, the fake morals, the disgusting attempt of
conservatives to “clean Hollywood” – and how they destroyed lives with the
witch hunt. Sure, Dalton Trumbo may have won two Oscars even when he was
blacklisted, but we see in the biopic that the consequences of his blacklisting
were devastating, and no gold statue could cure them.
Dalton Trumbo entrou na lista negra em
1947. Ele era um dos ‘10 de Hollywood’ que se recusaram a testemunhar perante o
Congresso e delatar colegas para serem perdoados. Naquela época, ele já havia
sido indicado a um Oscar”, pelo roteiro de “Kitty Foyle” (1941). E naquela
época, ele já havia passado por problemas: em meados dos anos 1930 a Warner
cancelou o contrato de Trumbo quando ele se recusou a sair do Sindicato dos
Roteiristas – fundado e administrado por escritores que seriam também colocados
na lista negra – e ir para outro sindicato.
Dalton Trumbo was blacklisted in 1947. Trumbo was one of the ‘Hollywood
ten’ who refused to testify before Congress and name names in order to be
acquitted. By that time, he had already been nominated for one Oscar, for his
screenplay of “Kitty Foyle” (1941). And by that time, Trumbo had already had
problems: in the mid 1930s Warner Bros cancelled his contract when he refused
trading his membership in the Screen Writers Guild – created and ran by fellow
would-be-blacklisted writers – for another guild.
Depois de passar 11 meses preso no
Kentucky, Dalton Trumbo e sua família se mudaram para o México, para onde
outros roteiristas na lista negra também foram. Lá era um lar fora de casa.
Trumbo continuou escrevendo e vendendo histórias para o cinema – através de
pseudônimos e outros subterfúgios.
After spending 11 months in a prison in Kentucky, Dalton Trumbo and his
family moved to Mexico, where other blacklisted screenwriters also went to
live. There was home outside of the homeland. Trumbo kept writing screenplays
and motion picture stories and selling them to Hollywood – by using fronts,
pseudonyms and other tricks.
Em 1953 ele escreveu a história de “A
Princesa e o Plebeu”. Ele não pôde ser creditado, por isso seu amigo, o
roteirista Ian McLellan Hunter, assinou o roteiro. No Oscar, ele competiu
contra o filme de guerra “Seu Nome e Sua Honra”, a comédia “As Chaves do
Paraíso”, “O Pequeno Fugitivo” e o faroeste “Hondo”, que mais tarde teve a
indicação retirada. A deliciosa história de “A Princesa e o Plebeu” ganhou o
prêmio. Três anos depois, Trumbo repetiu a dose.
In 1953 he wrote the motion picture story of “Roman Holiday”. He
couldn’t be credited, so his friend, screenwriter Ian McLellan Hunter, was used
as a front for his work. At the Oscars, he competed against the war film “Above
and Beyond”, the comedy “The Captain’s Paradise”, “The Little Fugitive” and the
western “Hondo”, who later had its nomination withdrawn. The delightful story
for “Roman Holiday” won the prize. Three years later, Trumbo did it again.
O filme “Arenas Sangrentas” (1956) é
sobre um menino, Leonardo (Michel Ray) e seu amado touro de estimação, chamado
Gitano (‘cigano’ em espanhol). Leonardo tenta salvar seu touro das arenas
sangrentas das touradas, onde o animal enfrentará um toureiro veterano. É um
filme B feito pelos irmãos King, que também produziram “Mortalmente Perigosa”
(1950). Dá para ver como o filme foi ‘barato’ pela baixa qualidade das cenas
noturnas. O filme foi gravado no México, sendo a maioria dos atores mexicanos.
The film “The Brave One” (1956) is about a young boy, Leonardo (Michel
Ray) and his beloved pet bull, called Gitano (Spanish for ‘gypsy’). Leonardo
tries to spare his bull from going to the killing arenas and being killed by a
master bullfighter. It’s a B-movie made by the King Brothers, who also produced
the noir “Gun Crazy” (1950). The cheapness of the film can be seen especially
in night scenes. It was shot in Mexico, with mostly
Mexican actors.
Em 1957, Trumbo derrotou Celso
Zavattini, que escreveu o filme neorrealista italiano “Umberto D”… e Jean-Paul
Sartre. Ambos os filmes, “Umberto D” e “Os Orgulhosos”, eram do começo dos anos
50 – respectivamente 1952 e 1953 – mas só estrearam em Los Angeles em 1956. Um
filme chamado “Alta Sociedade” também foi indicado, mas sua indicação foi
cancelada porque a Academia o confundiu com o musical de mesmo nome, estrelado
por Grace Kelly e Frank Sinatra.
In 1957, Trumbo won his Oscar over Celso Zavattini, who penned the
Italian neorealist film “Umberto D”… and Jean-Paul Sartre. Both movies,
‘Umberto D” and “Les orgueileux”, were released in the early 1950s –
respectively in 1952 and 1953 – but only released in Los Angeles in 1956. A
movie called “High Society” was also nominated, but its nomination was
withdrawn because the Academy mistook it with the Grace Kelly / Frank Sinatra
musical of the same name.
“Arenas
Sangrentas” é ‘baseado em uma história de Robert Rich’. Quando ele ganhou o
Oscar, Jesse Lasky Jr, então vice-presidente do grupo de roteiristas do
Sindicato dos Escritores, recebeu o prêmio. Depois da cerimônia, o que todos
queriam saber em Hollywood era: quem realmente é Robert Rich? Um homênimo – e
sobrinho dos irmãos King – foi a público dizer que ele não havia escrito a
história. O mistério começava.
“The Brave One”
is ‘based on a story by Robert Rich’. When he won the Oscar, Jesse Lasky Jr,
then the vice-president of the Screenwriters branch of the Writers Guild,
accepted the award. After the ceremony, what everything in Hollywood wanted to
know was: who really is Robert Rich? A man with that name –and nephew of the
King brothers – went public to say that he hadn’t written the story. The game
was afoot.
Numa entrevista para um jornalista de
Los Angeles pouco mais de um mês depois da cerimônia do Oscar, Trumbo respondeu
assim quando perguntado se havia escrito a história de “Arenas Sangrentas”:
‘talvez sim, talvez não’. O Oscar de 1957 foi o último a ter a categoria de
Melhor História Original. Trumbo estava, obviamente, se divertindo e sentindo o
gosto de uma pequena vingança com o alvoroço que estava criando na mesma
Hollywood que o havia expulsado.
In an interview to a Los Angeles journalist a little over a month after
the Oscars ceremony, Trumbo answered this way when asked if he had written the
story for “The Brave One”: ‘maybe I did, maybe I didn’t’. The 1957 Oscar
ceremony was the last one to have the Best Writing – Motion Picture Story
category. Trumbo was, of course, having fun and a small revenge with the little
uproar he caused in the Hollywood that had expelled him.
Trumbo (2015) |
Em 1959, Trumbo finalmente confessou
que era responsável por “Arenas Sangrentas”. Logo depois, o diretor Stanley
Kubrick e o ator e produtor Kirk Douglas insistiram que Trumbo fosse creditado
em “Spartacus”. No ano seguinte, ele foi de fato devidamente creditado pela
primeira vez em 13 anos, por seu trabalho em “Exodus”, de Otto Preminger. Entre
“Arenas Sangrentas” e 1960, três outros escritores na lista negra ganharam o
Oscar, e a ausência deles foi um sinal de vergonha para Hollywood. Acabava a lista
negra.
In 1959, Trumbo finally confessed that he was responsible for “The Brave
One”. Right after, director Stanley Kubrick and actor/producer Kirk Douglas
insisted on having him credited in “Spartacus”. The following year, he was
properly credited for the first time in 13 years, for his worked in Otto
Preminger’s “Exodus”. Between “The Brave One” and 1960, three other blacklisted
writers had won the Oscar and their absence was a sign of shame for Hollywood. The
blacklist was over.
Ao contrário do que o trailer diz,
“Arenas Sangrentas” não é inesquecível por causa da performance de Michael Ray
– que é apenas OK – mas por causa da história de Trumbo. “Arenas Sangrentas” é
sobre perdão e sobre considerar a opinião da maioria – e tudo isso é muito
simbólico para um filme que foi a primeira peça na destruição da lista negra.
Contrary to what the trailer says, “The Brave One” is not unforgettable
because of Michel Ray’s performance – which is just OK – but because of
Trumbo’s story. “The Brave One” is about forgiveness and listening to the
opinion of the majority – and all that is very symbolic for a movie that was
the first piece to destroy the blacklist.
This is my contribution for Banned and Blacklisted, the Fall 2017 CMBA
Blogathon, hosted by the Classic Movie Blog Association.
When I wrote about SPARTACUS, I learned about Trumbo and the Hollywood Ten in greater detail. That was one crazy time. I never saw this one but it sounds pretty different.
ReplyDeleteThe Brave One is one of those movies that I keep meaning to getting around to seeing...and then I get distracted by some shiny object and the like. (Boy, it felt good to come clean about this.) So I'm glad you included a lot about Trumbo's background in this review (I have seen the Trumbo documentary), since it made for a most informative read. Great work!
ReplyDeleteNice work! I'm familiar with Trumbo's story but not with this film. Thanks for introducing me to it.
ReplyDeleteI love The Brave One. I think Trumbo put a lot of himself and his feelings about what happened to him during the blacklist in that film. Great article!
ReplyDeleteAwesome post. Trumbo's story is an inspiration. I've never seen The brave One, but if it's Trumbo, it's got to be good.
ReplyDeleteHindsight shows us how ridiculous that time was, but it must have been truly harrowing to experience such vitriol. I saw The Brave One once, years ago, and recall very little of it. I must seek it out again after reading your grand article.
ReplyDeleteI remember viewing "Trumbo" and being intrigued with "The Brave One". Your article makes me want to watch it. I wrote about another Hollywood screenwriter exiled to Mexico, Hugo Butler. He knew Trumbo pretty well!
ReplyDelete