Sessue Hayakawa: cinema’s first sex symbol
Antes de Rodolfo Valentino conquistar às telas, houve outro
exótico sex symbol e superastro: Sessue Hayakawa. Você não pensaria que ele foi
tão popular na década de 1910 ao ver seu trabalho posterior, dos anos 1950. Meu
primeiro contato com ele foi esse: como personagem coadjuvante em “Casa de
Bambu” (1954), no qual ele não causou uma boa impressão, e em “A Ponte do Rio
Kwai” (1957), no qual ele causou uma boa impressão - ele foi até mesmo indicado
a um Oscar! Mas tudo mudou quando eu participei da Giornate del Cinema Muto.
Before Rudolph Valentino graced the screen, there
was another exotic sex symbol and superstar: Sessue Hayakawa. You wouldn’t have
thought he was such a big deal in the 1910s by watching his later work from the
1950s. My first contact with him was this: as a supporting player in “House of
Bamboo” (1955), in which he failed to make a big impression, and in “The Bridge
Over the River Kwai” (1957), for which he did make a big impression - he was
even nominated for an Oscar! But things changed when I took part at the
Pordenone Silent Film Festival.
It was 2020 and we all were stuck in our houses.
The Pordenone Silent Film Festival had to adapt to the “new normal” and offered
an online version of the usual festival. One of the movies shown was “Where
Lights Are Low”(1921), starring Hayakawa. Yes, it had yellowface and that
detail was awful, but Hayakawa’s performance was subdued and made us root for
him. I knew I had to watch more of him, and the opportunity finally arrived. I
found seven movies starring him on YouTube and Internet Archive, made between
1914 and 1919, his most popular period. Only one of them is a short film,
although the features are not very long, lasting about 50 minutes each.
Accompany me as I get to know more about cinema’s first sex symbol.
Hayakawa was born in 1886 in Japan, and chose the
stage name Sessue, that means “snowy continent”. While touring the United
States with a theater company in 1913, he was spotted by Thomas Ince and
offered the chance to work in movies. From his first year as a movie performer
comes “The Last of the Line” (1914), sometimes also called “Pride of Race”. In
it, he plays Tiah, the son of an Indian chief! His father, Chief Gray Otter,
had sent him to absorb all of the white man’s knowledge, but Tiah becomes a
drunkard instead. He even sides with a group of renegades to rob the
paymaster’s stagecoach, but Chief Gray Otter will try to change the narrative
about his son’s intentions. It’s a bittersweet short film, one that showcases
more of Joe Goodboy’s acting skills as Chief Gray Otter than Hayakawa, and also
a film that inspired Martin Scorsese during the making of “Killers of the
Flower Moon” (2023).
Um dos filmes que cimentou a popularidade de Hayakawa logo de cara foi “A Cólera dos Deuses”, também de 1914. O filme pode ser encontrado com outro título, mais raro: “A Destruição de Sakura-Jima” e conta a história de amor entre Toya San (Tsuru Aoki, a futura esposa de Hayakawa na vida real), que dizem ser amaldiçoada, e Tom Wilson (Frank Borzage, futuro diretor de cinema), um marinheiro que foi deixado na praia após seu barco afundar durante um tufão. Hayakawa, que não tinha ainda trinta anos de idade, interpreta o pai idoso de Toya. Quando Toya e Tom se casam, um vulcão entra em erupção. Há uma subtrama sobre como Buda é um Deus mau porque amaldiçoa pessoas, e o Deus cristão é um Deus bom porque é só amor. É curioso como o público não deveria ter ficado bravo com um casal interracial como Toya e Tom, mas sim torcido por eles.
One of the films that cemented Hayakawa’s
popularity right away was “The Wrath of the Gods”, also from 1914. The film can
be found under another title, although rarer: “The Destruction of Sakura-Jima”
and it tells the love story between Toya San (Tsuru Aoki, Hayakawa’s future
real-life wife), who is said to be cursed, and Tom Wilson (Frank Borzage,
future film director), a sailor who was left ashore when his ship sank during a
typhoon. Hayakawa, not even thirty yet, plays Toya’s elderly father. When Toya
and Tom get married, a volcano erupts. There is a subplot about how Buddha is a
bad god because he curses people, and the Christian good is a good god because
he’s all love. It’s curious how audiences are not supposed to be angry about a
mixed-raced couple like Toya and Tom, but to root for them.
Em 1915, Hayakawa já era uma estrela, mas se tornaria uma sensação quando fez “Enganar e Perdoar / The Cheat”, de Cecil B. DeMille. Assim como “O Sheik” (1921) de Valentino, este filme explora um “romance” interracial. Hayakawa é Haka Arakau, um rei do marfim birmanês aproveitando a vida nos EUA, onde ele se torna amigo da socialite Edith Hardy (Fannie Ward). Edith perde todo o dinheiro - dez mil dólares! - arrecadados por suas amigas para a Cruz Vermelha e Haka a ajuda, mas ela tem que pagar um preço pelo empréstimo: transformar-se em sua escrava sexual. Nada acontece de fato entre os dois, mas a cena dele a dominando e a marcando fez muitas mulheres suspirarem. “Enganar e Perdoar” foi claramente concebido como um veículo para Fannie Ward, cujo nome vez acima do título, mas foi Sessue que mexeu com as cabeças.
In 1915, Hayakawa was already a star, but he would
become a real sensation when he appeared in Cecil B. DeMille’s “The Cheat”.
Much like Valentino’s “The Sheik” (1921), this movie exploits an interracial
“romance”. Hayakawa is Haka Arakau, a Burmese ivory king living the good life
in the US, where he befriends social butterfly Edith Hardy (Fannie Ward). Edith
loses all the money - ten thousand dollars! - raised by her friends to the Red
Cross and Haka comes to her rescue, but she has a price to pay for the loan: to
become his sex slave. Nothing really happens between the two, but the scene of
him dominating and marking her made many women swoon. “The Cheat” was clearly
conceived as a vehicle for Fannie Ward, whose name comes above the title, but
it was Sessue who turned many heads.
Outro filme que Hayakawa fez para DeMille foi “The Secret Game”, de 1917 - sim, feito durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial. Nele, o ator interpreta Nara-Nara, um agente do serviço secreto japonês e um “sincero amigo da América”. Ele tem de tomar posse de alguns planos sobre navios, mantendo-os longe dos espiões alemães Dr Smith (Charles Ogle) e Kitty Little (Florence Vidor). O problema é que Nara-Nara se apaixona por Kitty, numa história complexa que fornece para Hayakawa material para uma performance sólida.
Another movie Hayakawa made for DeMille was “The Secret
Game”, from 1917 - yes, made during First World War. In it, the actor plays
Nara-Nara, an agent from the Japanese Secret Service and a “sincere friend to
America”. He has to secure some plans about ships, keeping them far from the
German spies Dr Smith (Charles Ogle) and Kitty Little (Florence Vidor). The
problem is that Nara-Nara falls in love with Kitty, in a complex story that
gives Hayakawa material for a solid performance.
Em 1918 Hayakawa fundou sua própria produtora, Haworth Pictures, sob a qual ele começou a receber o pagamento de dois milhões de dólares por ano, além de se tornar produtor de seus próprios filmes. Em “His Birthright” (1918), Hayakawa é Yukio, um homem japonês cujo pai é americano. Para vingar a morte da mãe, Yukio vai para os EUA e se involve numa trama de espionagem após ser hipnotizado pela bela espiã Edna Kingston (Marin Sais). O clímax conta com uma emocionante cena de briga!
In 1918 Hayakawa formed his own production company, Haworth
Pictures, under which he started receiving the payment of two million dollars
per year, besides becoming the producer of his own films. In “His Birthright”
(1918), Hayakawa is Yukio, a Japanese man whose father was an American. To
avenge his mother’s death, Yukio goes to the US and gets involved in an
espionage plot after being hypnotized by the beautiful spy Edna Kingston (Marin
Sais). The climax is an exciting fight scene!
Para a Haworth Pictures Hayakawa fez em 1919 “The Tong Man”. Ambientado em Chinatown, este filme tem Hayakawa como Luk Chen, um poderoso traficante de ópio que está apaixonado por Sen Chee (Helen Jerome Eddy) e recebe a missão de matar um comerciante. Este filme de ação tem como destaque uma perseguição pelos telhados, mas infelizmente este detalhe é ofuscado por algumas cartelas de texto racistas.
For Haworth Pictures Hayakawa made in 1919 “The
Tong Man”. Set in Chinatown, this movie has Hayakawa as Luk Chen, a powerful
opium smuggler who is in love with Sen Chee (Helen Jerome Eddy) and receives
the mission to kill a store owner. This action-packed featurette has as its
highlight a rooftop persecution, but unfortunately these are overshadowed by
some racist title cards.
Ainda para Haworth Pictures, “The Dragon Painter” (1919) foi baseado num romance de mesmo nome. Hayakawa interpreta Tatsu, um pintor quase selvagem que acredita que sua noiva foi transformada em um dragão mil anos atrás. Ele pinta para buscá-la. Um dia, seu amigo Uchida (Toyo Fujita) leva Tatsu até o grande pintor Kano Indiara (Edward Peil Jr), que está à procura de um sucessor. Tatsu se apaixona pela filha do pintor, Ume-Ko (Tsuru Aoki) e aceita se tornar aprendiz do pintor. O problema é que, depois de se casar, Tatsu parece perder sua inspiração para pintar. Este foi meu filme favorito dentre os que assisti.
Also for Haworth Pictures, “The Dragon Painter” (1919) was
based on a novel of the same name. Hayakawa plays Tatsu, a near-savage painter
who believes his fiancée has been transformed into a dragon one thousand years
before. He paints as a way of searching her. One day, his friend Uchida (Toyo
Fujita) takes Tatsu to see the great painter Kano Indara (Edward Peil Sr), who
is looking for a successor. Tatsu falls in love with the painter’s daughter
Ume-Ko (Tsuru Aoki) and accepts to become the painter’s apprentice. The problem
is that, after getting married, Tatsu seems to loose his inspiration to paint. This was my favorite among the films I watched.
O último filme de Hayakawa que vi para minha investigação foi “The Man Beneath”, de 1919, com um John Gilbert muito jovem - aqui creditado como “Jack” Gilbert. Nele, Hayakawa interpreta Ashuter, um cientista da Índia que sofre preconceito ao se apaixonar por uma mulher branca, Kate Erskine (Helen Jerome Eddy). A irmã de Kate está noiva do personagem de John Gilbert, James. Ashuter ajuda James a fingir sua própria morte para escapar de uma chantagem. Eu encontrei uma cópia linda deste filme no canal do YouTube do Eye Filmmuseum da Holanda. Infelizmente, as cartelas de textos estavam em holandês, o que dificultou a compreensão da trama.
The final Hayakawa movie I watched during my
investigation was “The Man Beneath”, from 1919, with a very young John Gilbert
- here credited “Jack” Gilbert. In it, Hayakawa plays Ashuter, a scientist from
India who faces prejudice when in love with a white woman, Kate Erskine (Helen
Jerome Eddy). Kate’s sister is engaged to John Gilbert’s character, James.
Ashuter helps James fake his own death to escape blackmail. I found a pristine
copy of this film on the YouTube channel of the Eye Filmmuseum from the
Netherlands. Unfortunately, it had Dutch title cards, which made it difficult
to follow the plot.
Eu parei minha investigação em 1919, o ano em que D.W. Griffith fez “Lírio Partido”, um sucesso de bilheteria com Richard Barthelmess fazendo yellowface. O sentimento anti-japonês também crescia - e atingiria seu ápice com a Segunda Guerra Mundial- por isso Hays decidiu se dedicar aos palcos, fazendo diversas peças no Japão e na Europa. Depois de ajudar a Resistência Francesa durante a guerra, época em que vivia na França. Hayakawa voltou para Hollywood. Como o Código Hays proibia romances interraciais nas telas, ele podia interpretar somente vilões ou coadjuvantes. Em 1967, Hayakawa aposentou-se da atuação e se tornou um mestre do Zen Budismo, falecendo seis anos mais tarde. Sobre receber papéis estereotipados na era muda e querer mudar isso, ele certa feita declarou:
I stopped my investigation in 1919, the year in which D.W.
Griffith made “Broken Blossoms”, a box-office smash with Richard Barthelmess in
yellowface. The anti-Japanese sentiment was also growing - it would reach its
climax with World War II - so Hayakawa decided to go to the stage, appearing in
several plays in the following years in Japan and Europe. After helping the Resistance during the Second World
War, when he was living in France, Hayakawa returned to Hollywood. As the Hays
Code prohibited mixed-race romances on screen, he could play only villains and
supporting characters. In 1967, Hayakawa retired from acting and became a Zen
Buddhist master, dying six years later. About his typecasting in the silent era
and the urge to change that, he once declared:
“Tais papéis não são verdadeiros com nossa
natureza japonesa… Eles são falsos e dão às pessoas uma ideia equivocada sobre
nós. Eu desejo fazer uma caracterização que nos revelará como nós realmente
somos”.
"Such roles are not true to our Japanese
nature... They are false and give people a wrong idea of us. I wish to make a
characterization which shall reveal us as we really are."
6 comments:
Fascinating write-up of some films during the height of Hayakawa's popularity as a lead. It's really impressive what Hayakawa was able to accomplish in the 1910s working in Hollywood, making his own production company and playing romantic leads as a non-white actor.
It makes me wish Anna May Wong was a bit older and around during the teens because she could have had a similar type of success during the teens. (They appear together in a 1931 B-picture Daughter of the Dragon but they're really held back by the bad material.)
Very informative and great article Leticia! I must admit the name didn't ring a bell, but I had seen some of his films! Well, the two you named at the beginning : House of Bamboo and The Bridge on the River Kwai. It's too bad he got stereotypical roles because of the Production Code and overall aura of racism in Hollywood at the time... Thanks so much for participating in the blogathon!
Was impressed to hear Sessue Hayakama formed his own production company, but what a shame that he could only get so far in Hollywood. And for him to work with the Resistance during WWII, after all that! Amazing.
Thanks for featuring Hayakama. There is much I didn't know about this remarkable man.
Hayakawa is such a great talent. I'm glad these days more people in the classic film community are aware of his career beyond Bridge on the River Kwai.
I'm so glad that you selected Sessue Hayakawa, Le! I'm very familiar with his name, but I've only seen him in two films -- Three Came Home and House of Bamboo. I'm looking forward to checking out more of his work. Thank you for this informative and interesting article. I'm going to start with The Cheat, which I've had in my collection for a couple of years and still haven't seen. Your post has inspired me.
-- Karen
Wow. Sessue deserves to be more well-known--what a shame he's gotten pushed to the background so much.
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