} Crítica Retrô: Phil-for-Short (1919) e outros adolescentes do cinema mudo

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Saturday, November 19, 2022

Phil-for-Short (1919) e outros adolescentes do cinema mudo

 

Phil-for-Short (1919) and other silent film teenagers

Era uma vez uma garota chamada Damophilia – ou Phil, seu apelido. Ela foi batizada em homenagem a um poema de Safo, uma vez que seu pai era um grande conhecedor de cultura e literatura gregas. Phil era uma garota muito ativa, trabalhando na fazenda usando roupas de menino, sem se preocupar com a opinião dos outros. Quando seu amado pai falece, o mundo de Phil vira de cabeça para baixo. Uma garota no final da adolescência, Phil é interpretada, no filme de 1919, por uma atriz de 31 anos, Evelyn Greeley – e essa está longe de ser a única personagem adolescente interpretada por adultos na era o cinema mudo.

Once upon a time, there was a girl named Damophilia – or Phil, for short. She was named after a poem by Sappho because her father was a connoisseur of the Greek culture and literature. Phil was a very active girl, working on the farm wearing boy’s clothes and not caring for other people’s opinions. When her devoted father passes away, Phil’s word goes upside down. A girl in the late teens, Phil is played, in the 1919 movie, by a 31-year-old actress, Evelyn Greeley – and this was not the only teen character to be played by an adult in the silent movie era.

Antes de explorar “Phil-for-Short” e outros adolescentes do cinema mudo, precisamos sabem quem exatamente pode ser chamado de adolescente. A Organização Mundial da Saúde diz que a adolescência vai dos 10 aos 19 anos. Na maioria das sociedades, a adolescência é um período ambíguo entre a infância e a idade adulta, com os adolescentes navegando mares de mudanças e aprendendo com as experiências. Mas não foi sempre assim: podemos até mesmo dizer que “adolescente” e “adolescência” foram invenções do século passado.

Before we dig into “Phil-for-Short” and other silent screen teens, we need to know who exactly can be called a teenager. The World Health Organization says that adolescence happens between ages 10 and 19. In most societies, adolescence is an ambiguous period between childhood and the adult age, with teens navigating lots of changes and learning along the process. But it wasn’t always like that: we can even say that “teenager” and “adolescence” were invented in the last century.

De acordo com um artigo do Saturday Evening Post, a palavra “adolescente” existia desde o começo do século XX, mas raramente era usada. Cinquenta anos antes, pessoas jovens, e até mesmo crianças, eram empregadas em fábricas, algo que foi depois considerado inapropriado e a educação se tornou obrigatória. Escolas de ensino médio apareceram e se desenvolveram como um lugar em que adolescentes poderiam se organizar e, até certo ponto, viver sem muita supervisão dos adultos. Dito isto, podemos afirmar que “juventude” é um termo melhor para descrever uma categoria que englobava adolescentes e jovens na era do cinema mudo. Agora vejamos como a juventude era retratada nas telas.

According to an article from the Saturday Evening Post, the world “teen-ager” existed since the beginning of the 20th century, but it was hardly ever used. Fifty years before, young people, and even children, were sent to work in factories, something that was later deemed inappropriate and education became mandatory. High schools appeared and developed as a place where teenagers could organize and, to an extent, live without much adult supervision. That being said, we can affirm that “youth” is a better term to describe a category that encompassed teenagers and young adults in the silent film era. Now let’s see how “youth” was portrayed on screen.

Em filmes como “American Aristocracy” (1916), jovens eram o foco, mas eram jovens adultos e não adolescentes. Neste filme em particular, como ele fez antes e faria depois, Douglas Fairbanks – com 33 anos quando o filme foi lançado – interpreta um jovem que é o modelo da aristocracia norte-americana: ousado, vistoso e bonito. Seu carro é um objeto importante na história, assim como os carros foram importantes para os adolescentes ganharem independência.

In films like “American Aristocracy” (1916), young people were the focus, but these were young adults and not teens. In this particular movie, as he did before and would do after, Douglas Fairbanks – 33 when the movie was released – plays a young fellow who is the role model of American aristocracy: bold, dashing and handsome. His car is an important asset in the story, as cars were important to give young people independence.

Agora que mencionamos Fairbanks, precisamos também mencionar Mary Pickford, a atriz mais popular da década de 1910. Quando adolescente, antes de entrar na indústria do cinema, Mary Pickford era uma atriz de teatro na Broadway. No cinema, Mary teve muito sucesso interpretando crianças perspicazes – mesmo tendo vinte e tantos anos na época – mas ela também interpretou adolescentes ousadas em filmes como “The Little American” e “A Romance of the Redwoods”, ambos de 1917.

Now that we mentioned Fairbanks, we must also mention Mary Pickford, the most popular female film star of the 1910s. As a teenager, before she entered the movie business, Mary Pickford was a stage actress appearing on Broadway. On film, Mary had a lot of success playing resourceful kids – despite being in her late 20s at the time – but she also played bold teens in movies such as “The Little American” and “A Romance of the Redwoods”, both from 1917.

Depois de falar de Mary, podemos voltar a “Phil-for-Short” e falar da protagonista Evelyn Greeley. O nome pode não significar nada para você, mas Greeley foi uma atriz de sucesso na era muda. Nascida na Áustria em 1888, ela migrou para Chicago com a família aos nove anos e, em 1914, aos 26, entrou para o cinema com pequenos papéis para os estúdios Essanay. Entre 1915 e 1922, ela fez 30 filmes, muitos deles para a World Film Corporation, incluindo “Phil-for-Short”.

After talking about Mary, we can go back to “Phil-for-Short” and talk about the lead Evelyn Greeley. The name may not mean anything to you, but Greeley was a prominent silent film actress. Born in Austria in 1888, she migrated in Chicago with her family when she was nine and in 1914, aged 26, entered the movie business working in small roles for Essanay. From 1915 to 1922, she appeared in 30 films, many of them for the World Film Corporation, including “Phil-for-Short”.

Depois que o pai de Damophilia morre em “Phil-for-Short”, todas as pessoas resolvem dar palpite na vida da garota: ela precisa parar de ser tão moleca e deve se casar! Infeliz com sua nova vida, Phil foge e, vestida de homem, decide fingir ser professora assistente para fazer com que um professor universitário, conhecido misógino que sabe tudo sobre a Grécia, mude de ideia em relação às mulheres. O que acontece a seguir é bem previsível.

After Damophilia’s father dies in “Phil-for-Short”, people everywhere believe they have a say in the girl’s life: she must stop being such a tomboy and she must marry! Unhappy with her new life, Phil runs away and, fully dressed as a boy, decides to pose as an assistant professor in order to make a college professor, a well-known misogynist who knows all about Greece, change his mind about women. What happens next is pretty predictable.

Não havia uma categoria de “cinema adolescente” na era do cinema mudo. Havia ou estrelas mirins – como Jackie Coogan, Baby Peggy e, até certo ponto, Mary Pickford – ou estrelas que agradavam aos jovens – como Fairbanks no começo de sua carreira. Com exemplos como “Phil-for-Short”, podemos dizer que definitivamente havia filmes sendo feitos com foco no público jovem – um público que moldou o cinema e cresceu com a nova arte.

There wasn’t a “teenager movie” category in the silent movie era. There were either child stars – such as Jackie Coogan, Baby Peggy and, to an extent, Mary Pickford – or stars who appealed to the young folks – such as Fairbanks in the beginning of his career. With examples such as “Phil-for-Short”, we can say that there were definitely movies made targeting the young audience – an audience that shaped cinema as it grew with the new art.

 

This is my contribution to the Fake Teenager Festivus, hosted by Rebecca at Taking Up Room.


4 comments:

Karen said...

I enjoyed your interesting post, Le -- it was especially interesting because I was just listening to a podcast about Alla Nazimova, who played "teen-age" roles numerous times in her career. Also, I'm glad to know about Evelyn Greeley, as I'm trying to learn more about silent movies, and her name is definitely new to me. Good stuff!

John L. Harmon said...

Fascinating review! I've never heard of this silent film but I am very curious to see it now!

Silver Screenings said...

Thanks for this quick overview of the word "teenager" and the ways in which teenagers were portrayed in silent film.

I'm another one who doesn't know much about Evelyn Greeley. Phil for Short seems somewhat elusive re: finding it online, but if I ever come across it, I'll Drop Everything to watch.

Rebecca Deniston said...

Very interesting! Yeah, teenagers in movies was definitely the exception instead of the rule during the silent era--the movies were considered to be a place for adults, not kids. Thanks again for joining the blogathon, Le--this is great! :-)

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